El Año Internacional de la Cristalografía
El mundo de los cristales es, como todo el universo, bello, y sin duda alguna, es de una belleza que fácilmente se entiende, que atrae nuestra atención y que entra por nuestros ojos. Esta belleza atrajo a un número de curiosos e investigadores de todos los tiempos, cautivados por la contemplación de minerales cristalizados. Esta fascinación les llevó a tratar de comprender qué tipo de orden es necesario para que un cristal tenga existencia; de este estudio nació en el transcurso de los tiempos una ciencia basada en elestudio del orden y de la simetría, la Cristalografía, ciencia que se dedica al estudio de las estructuras cristalinas y las propiedades, a veces mágicas de cristales.La Asamblea General de Naciones Unidas proclamó 2014 Año Internacional de la Cristalografía , IYCr2014, conmemorando de esta manera, no solo el centenario de la difracción de rayos X como herramienta para el estudio de la materia cristalina, sino también el 400 aniversario de la observación de simetría en los cristales de hielo (Kepler,1611), que dio comienzo al estudio profundo de la simetría en los materiales. Entre otros puntos, la resolución reconoce que la comprensión material de nuestro mundo se debe en particular a esta ciencia y subraya que la enseñanza y aplicación de la misma es fundamental para hacer frente a múltiples desafíos esenciales para el desarrollo de la humanidad
Año Internacional de la Cristalografía - Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre
La Asamblea General de las Naciones Unidas decide proclamar 2014 Año Internacional de la Cristalografía.El 3 de julio de 2012 la Asamblea General de las Naciones Unidas en la Resolución 66/284 decide proclamar 2014 Año Internacional de la Cristalografía.1
Destacando que la educación en materia de cristalografía y su aplicación son fundamentales para hacer frente a desafíos como las enfermedades y los problemas ambientales, ya que determinan las estructuras proteicas y de moléculas pequeñas utilizadas en el diseño de medicamentos esenciales para la medicina y la salud pública, así como las soluciones para la contaminación de las plantas y del suelo.
La Asamblea General decide declarar el 2014 Año Internacional de la Cristalografía.
La proclamación de este año tuvo lugar durante un evento celebrado hoy en la sede de la UNESCO en París.
La UNESCO será precisamente la encargada de coordinar los eventos relativos a esta conmemoración y de resaltar su importancia en la agenda de desarrollo post-2015 para abordar el hambre, la disponibilidad de agua potable, la atención a la salud, la energía sostenible y la recuperación del medio ambiente, entre otros desafíos.
Ese Organismo destacó las numerosas aplicaciones que tiene la cristalografía en la vida cotidiana y su uso en el sector industrial para el desarrollo de nuevos productos.
También se emplea en la agronomía, la aeronáutica, los automóviles, cosméticos, fármacos y computadoras.
Además de facilitar el descubrimiento de la estructura del ADN, la cristalografía permite fabricar las memorias de las computadoras y ayuda a los científicos a diseñar potentes medicamentos.
Como parte de las actividades para generar más entendimiento sobre esa ciencia, la UNESCO ha puesto en marcha un concurso de crecimiento de cristales, dirigido a las escuelas secundarias en todo el mundo.
llll
o
El Secretario General Ban Ki-moon, en el lanzamiento del Año Internacional de Cristalografía 2014. [PDF] Mensaje del Secretario General con motivo del Año ... Page 1. Mensaje del Secretario General con motivo del Año Internacional de la Cristalografía 20 de enero de 2014
Bienvenido al maravilloso mundo de los cristales. 1:24
Capitulo 3 Cristales Gigantes
Los griegos llamaron cristal al cuarzo, κρνσταλλοσ (cristallos = frío + goteo), es decir, carámbanos de extraordinaria dureza y muy fríos. Pero la formación de cristales no es exclusiva de los minerales, y los encontramos también (aunque no necesariamente de modo natural) en los compuestos llamados orgánicos, e incluso en los ácidos nucléicos, en las proteínas, en los virus...
El estado cristalino de la materia es el de mayor orden, es decir, es
aquel en donde las correlaciones internas son mayores y a mayor rango
de distancias. Y esto se refleja en sus propiedades que son
anisotrópicas y discontínuas. Suelen aparecer como entidades puras,
homogéneas y con formas geométricas definidas (hábitos) cuando están
bien formados. Sin embargo, aquí una vez más, "el hábito no hace al
monje" y su morfología externa no es suficiente para evaluar la
denominada cristalinidad de un material.
Año Internacional de la Cristalografía | Facebook
Ilustre Colegio Oficial de Geólogos a través de Google+
llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll
2014 - Año Internacional de la Cristalografíaiycr
The UN adopted the resolution that 2014 should be the International Year of Crystallography at the Sixty-Sixth General Assembly on 3 July 2012
The book 50 Years of X-ray Diffraction is available online.
Educational resources
This new section of the IUCr web site provides material of use to classroom educators, and links to external web sites of educational value.
Educational web sites and resources of interest
---
---
3:26 X-Ray Crystallography - Running a Sample de Finn Burrow
A quick run through on how to prepare a crystal for X-Ray Crystallography.
Aperiodic crystallography
QuasiTiler 3.0, Geometry Center, University of Minnesota. QuasiTiler draws Penrose tilings and their generalizations.
Biological structures
Integrating biocrystallography into traditional biology and chemistry curricula, M. Jaskólski. J. Appl. Cryst. (2001). 34, 371-374
New academic courses for teaching protein crystallography to biology
and chemistry students have been developed. They include model-building
exercises using adapted general-purpose kits and application of Web
tools for practical classes and for conducting educational/examination
quizzes.
Advanced Certificate in Protein Crystallography on the Web, Dept. Crystallography, Birkbeck College, University of London.
The Principles of Protein Crystallography on the Web, Dept. Crystallography, Birkbeck College, University of London.
Crystal growth
Growing Crystals, P. D. Boyle. Growing Crystals That Will Make Your Crystallographer Happy
Crystallographic CourseWare, M. E. Kastner.
Instructions on growing single crystals, symmetry elements, plane
groups, unit cell and asymmetric units, and reading the International
Tables of Crystallography
Growing Crystalline Trees, Harry Bhadeshia, University of Cambridge.
Crystal structure analysis
Internet Course: Structure Determination by Powder Diffractometry (SDPD), Universite du Maine, France. Learn how to determine a crystal structure from powder diffraction data with experts help
Difference Patterson Tutorial, C. Brenner. PR 613: Protein Structure and Function -
Structural Biology I
XRayView, G. N. Phillips Lab, supported by W. M. Keck Foundation. a Teaching Aid for X-ray Crystallography
Various teaching material prepared by A. D. Hunter, A. D. Hunter.
Includes a student friendly lab manual on using the SHELXTL (and to a
lesser extent SHELX) package of single-crystal programs to solve routine
crystal structures. Also available at
http://www.as.ysu.edu/~adhunter/YSUSC/index.html
Webmineral, David Barthelmy. A mineralogical database and also a basic course on crystallography
Practical Guide to Solving Single Crystal Structures, Manuel A. Fernandes.
Guide to solving crystal structures using WinGX together with other
well know crystallographic packages such as Platon and Mercury
Crystals and their structures
Escher Web Sketch, Nicolas Schoeni, Wes Hardaker and Gervais Chapuis. Escher Web Sketch allows you to draw repeating patterns
Introduction to the symmetry of polyhedra, Nicolas Schoeni and Gervais Chapuis.
Atomic packing and Crystal Structure Tutorial, Birkbeck College, University of London and BCA.
This software is a single user interactive package which teaches the
principles of the atomic packing of spheres and shows how this is
related to crystal structure
Basic Crystallography Diagrams, B. Craig Taverner.
Crystallographic Topology 101, C. K. Johnson. The Topology of Crystallographic Groups and Simple Crystal Structures
X-Ray Interactions With Matter, Eric Gullikson.
CrystalOgraph, Nicolas Schoeni and Gervais Chapuis. An interactive applet for drawing crystal structures
Diffraction
X-ray Diffraction Simulators: 2D X-ray Diffraction Simulator, Marc De Graef.
Program developed at Carnegie Mellon using the cT programming language
as an aid to teaching undergraduate courses involving crystallography
X-ray Diffraction Simulators: 3D X-ray Diffraction Simulator, James Cheney and Marc De Graef. Program that can be used as an educational tool and as a real research program
Teaching guide for X-Ray and neutron diffraction, R. B. Neder and Th. Proffen. Pictorial guide to crystal structures and their Fourier transforms useful for teaching diffraction physics
X-ray Anomalous Scattering, Ethan A Merritt. An introductory tutorial to anomalous scattering and a general tool for designing experiments based on anomalous scattering
Optical Transforms, T. R. Welberry.
Tool for illustrating a wide variety of diffraction phenomena from
Bragg diffraction,through diffuse scattering from disordered and
amorphous systems to diffraction from quasicrystals with
non-crystallographic symmetry
Cristallographie - Diffraction, J.-P. Lauriat. In French
Distance teaching
Literature
An introductory exercise in Fourier synthesis and structure-factor calculation for undergraduates, using an EXCEL workbook, M. R. Taylor. J. Appl. Cryst. (2000). 33, 975-976
Crystallization bench, B. Cabric and T. Pavlovic. J. Appl. Cryst. (2000). 33, 387-388
Interactive Web-based tools for an introductory course in crystallography, G. Chapuis and W. Hardaker. J. Appl. Cryst. (1999). 32, 1164-1168
Pepinsky's Machine: an interactive graphics-based Fourier synthesis program with applications in teaching and research, N. M. Glykos. J. Appl. Cryst. (1999). 32, 821-823
Peak Decomposition using Pearson Type VII Function, S. K. Gupta. J. Appl. Cryst. (1998). 31, 474-476
Introduction to crystallography: two-dimensional computer simulations, B. D. Hall and T. Stoto. J. Appl. Cryst. (1998). 31, 477-480
Teaching Diffraction with the Aid of Computer Simulations, R. B. Neder and Th. Proffen. J. Appl. Cryst. (1996). 29, 727-735
Derivation of the rotation matrix in general rectilinear systems by means of vector and matrix formalism, K. Stróz. J. Appl. Cryst. (1996). 29, 736-737
Optimized Schedule for Large Crystallography Meetings, Y. Le Page. J. Appl. Cryst. (1996). 29, 291-295
POLYNET - a teaching program for the plane crystallographic groups, for use on Apple Macintosh computers, S. G. Hoggar. J. Appl. Cryst. (1996). 28, 459
Three-dimensional periodicity and inversion axes in crystals, B. D. Sharma. J. Appl. Cryst. (1995). 28, 223
FOURDEM: a program written as an aid to teaching the elements of Fourier synthesis and other crystallographic concepts, T. R. Welberry and K. Owen. J. Appl. Cryst. (1992). 25, 443-447
Incoherent neutron scattering from multi-element materials, C. J. Glinka. J. Appl. Cryst. (2011). 44, 618-624
The differences and distinguishing characteristics of incoherent
scattering vis-à-vis diffuse coherent scattering due to atomic disorder
are delineated and demonstrated experimentally.
Mathematical techniques
Worked examples in the Geometry of Crystals, H. K. D. H. Bhadeshia.
The book deals with the mathematical crystallography of materials. It
is intended for use by students and by anyone interested in phase
transformations or interfaces.
Crystallographic Teaching Fourier Map MS Excel Spreadsheets, Max Taylor. This includes Example Notes and spreadsheet for students based around a potassium bicarbonate example.
Pepinsky's Machine, N. M. Glykos. A teaching aid to illustrate the principles and the application of the Fourier series in crystallography
Transformée de Fourier, Y. Epelboin. A theoretical course on the Fourier transform and its computation (In French)
Interactive course on crystallographic calculations (in French), Y. Epelboin. Reciprocal space, distance between planes...
Statistical Descriptors in Crystallography, D. Schwarzenbach et al. Reports of a working group appointed by the IUCr Nomenclature Committee
Online courses
An Interactive Course on Symmetry and Analysis of Crystal Structure by Diffraction, G. Chapuis and W. Hardecker.
Learn how to Quantitatively Determine the Crystallographic Texture of materials using x-ray and neutron diffraction, D. Chateigner and A. Jouanneaux. QTA Internet Course
Powder diffraction
Symmetry
The number of good reflections in a powder pattern, D. S. Sivia. J. Appl. Cryst. (2000). 33, 1295-1301
Advanced Certificate in Powder Diffraction on the Web, Birkbeck College, University of London.
The Rietveld Method, Hugo Rietveld. Rietveld Refinement, Rietveld Analysis, Rietveld Technique, Rietveld Calculation,
Rietveld Quantitative Phase Analysis
Escher Web Sketch, W. Hardecker and G. Chapuis. A program for drawing 2D periodic patterns with a web browser.
Discovering Symmetry, Nicolas Schoeni and Gervais Chapuis. An applet to discover the point group symmetry of platonic and other polyhedra
Point groups and Bravais Lattices, Marc De Graef.
Symétrie des figures périodiques, H. Schenk. Translation in French of a programmed course on periodicity and symmetry
Symmetry and Space Group Tutorial, Jerry P. Jasinski and Bruce M. Foxman.
Symmetry Tutorial, Dean H. Johnston, Otterbein College. Includes a symmetry challenge and symmetry gallery
Space Group Visualizer, Christian Perwass and Eckhard Hitzer. Software that visualizes all 230 space groups in 3D
lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll
---
de Christina Dian Pamionova
47 vídeos 
The role of crystallography in the modern world and the significance of the International Year of Crystallography.
The role of crystallography in the modern world and the significance of the International Year of Crystallography.
3:26 X-Ray Crystallography - Running a Sample de Finn Burrow
A quick run through on how to prepare a crystal for X-Ray Crystallography.
1:00:57 Crystallography 7 (2013) Reciprocal Lattice de bhadeshia123
Slide presentation can be downloaded from: http://www.msm.cam.ac.uk/phase-trans/...
Lecture by Professor H. K. D. H. Bhadeshia at POSTECH, Republic of Korea
Lecture by Professor H. K. D. H. Bhadeshia at POSTECH, Republic of Korea
47:03 Crystallography 8, Deformation, Texture 2013 de bhadeshia123 588 reproducciones
Slide presentation can be downloaded from:
http://www.msm.cam.ac.uk/phase-trans/2013/POSTECH_Crystallog
45:14 Crystallography 9, Interfaces (2013)
de bhadeshia123 307 reproducciones
Slide presentation can be downloaded from:
http://www.msm.cam.ac.uk/phase-trans/2013/POSTECH_Crystallog
49:36 Crystallography 10, Metric tensor (2013)
de bhadeshia123 315 reproducciones
Slide presentation can be downloaded from:
http://www.msm.cam.ac.uk/phase-trans/2013/POSTECH_Crystallog
47:21 Crystallography 11, Affine deformations 2013
de bhadeshia123 267 reproducciones
Slide presentation can be downloaded from:
http://www.msm.cam.ac.uk/phase-trans/2013/POSTECH_Crystallog
42:34 Crystallography 12, Affine deformations, 2013
de bhadeshia123 196 reproducciones
Slide presentation can be downloaded from:
http://www.msm.cam.ac.uk/phase-trans/2013/POSTECH_Crystallog
54:28 Crystallography 13, TRIP and TWIP steels (2013)
de bhadeshia123 511 reproducciones
Slide presentation can be downloaded from:
http://www.msm.cam.ac.uk/phase-trans/2013/POSTECH_TRIP.pp…
47:06
9
Crystallography 14, Displacive transformations (2013)
de bhadeshia123 914 reproducciones
Slide presentation can be downloaded from:
http://www.msm.cam.ac.uk/phase-trans/2013/POSTECH_martensite
44:14
10
Crystallography 15, Complete Martensite (2013)
de bhadeshia123 372 reproducciones
Slide presentation can be downloaded from:
http://www.msm.cam.ac.uk/phase-trans/2013/POSTECH_martensite
41:03
11
Crystallography 6 (2013) Space Groups
de bhadeshia123 1.454 reproducciones
Slide presentation can be downloaded from:
http://www.msm.cam.ac.uk/phase-trans/2013/POSTECH_Crystallog
39:53
12
Crystallography 5 (2013) Stereograms
de bhadeshia123 601 reproducciones
Slide presentation can be downloaded from:
http://www.msm.cam.ac.uk/phase-trans/2013/POSTECH_Crystallog
45:34
13
Crystallography 4 (2013) Stereograms
de bhadeshia123 1.458 reproducciones
Slide presentation can be downloaded from:
http://www.msm.cam.ac.uk/phase-trans/2013/POSTECH_Crystallog
52:14
14
Crystallography 3 (2013) Interstitials
de bhadeshia123 1.106 reproducciones
Slide presentation can be downloaded from:
http://www.msm.cam.ac.uk/phase-trans/2013/POSTECH_Crystallog
56:06
15
Crystallography 2 (2013) Structures
de bhadeshia123 2.316 reproducciones
Use with slide presentation downloaded from:
http://www.msm.cam.ac.uk/phase-trans/2013/New_Crystallograph
56:03
16
Crystallography 1 (2013) Introduction
de bhadeshia123 5.179 reproducciones
Use with slide presentation downloaded from:
http://www.msm.cam.ac.uk/phase-trans/2013/New_Crystallograph
7:13
17
crystallographic directions
de Linda Vanasupa 24.186 reproducciones
Tutorial on how to sketch the crystallographic direction vector when given the Miller indices of the direction vector.
4:31
18
Directions in Crystals
de LearnChemE 16.912 reproducciones
The indices for directions in a crystal are determined. Made by faculty at the University of Colorado Boulder Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering…
2:27
19
X-Ray Crystallography - The Basics
de Finn Burrow 5.532 reproducciones
Introductory video to the theory behind how X-Ray Crystallography works and why we use X-Ray Crystallography.
3:06
20
Celebrating Crystallography - An animated adventure
de The Royal Institution 28.328 reproducciones
New: Now with French subtitles…
1:02
21
How-to: Display hydrogen-bonding graph sets in Mercury
de CCDCCambridge 293 reproducciones
A 'how-to' video on displaying hydrogen-bonding graph sets using Mercury…
7:17
22
Teaching: Electrophilic Addition Tutorial
de CCDCCambridge 285 reproducciones
Using 3D crystal structures to teach chemistry.
9:41
23
Teaching: VSEPR Tutorial
de CCDCCambridge 722 reproducciones
Using 3D crystal structures to teach chemistry.
1:14
24
How-to: Calculate the centroid of a functional group using Mercury
de CCDCCambridge 388 reproducciones
A 'how to' video on calculating the centroid of functional structure using Mercury.…
1:41
25
How-to: Visualise the void space in a structure using Mercury
de CCDCCambridge 647 reproducciones
A 'how to' video on visualising the void space in a structure using Mercury.…
0:52
26
How-to: Visualise crystal morphology using Mercury
de CCDCCambridge 637 reproducciones
A 'how-to' video on visualising crystal morphology using Mercury.…
1:23
27
How-to: Use lasso to select atoms in Mercury
de CCDCCambridge 217 reproducciones
A 'how-to' video on using the Lasso Select in Mercury…
26:15
28
Solid Form Suite Webinar #1: Managing Risk and Improving Quality with Solid Form Informatics
de CCDCCambridge 288 reproducciones
The CSD Solid Form Suite provides knowledge-based informatics tools for improving effectiveness, quality and risk assessment in the development of solid formulations of drugs, agrochemicals and molecular materials. …
26:45
29
Solid Form Suite Webinar #2: Solid Form Design in the Pharmaceutical Industry
de CCDCCambridge 396 reproducciones
The CSD Solid Form Suite provides knowledge-based informatics tools for improving effectiveness, quality and risk assessment in the development of solid formulations of drugs, agrochemicals and molecular materials. …
32:40
30
Solid Form Suite Webinar #3: Assessing polymorphism
de CCDCCambridge 340 reproducciones
The CSD Solid Form Suite provides knowledge-based informatics tools for improving effectiveness, quality and risk assessment in the development of solid formulations of drugs, agrochemicals and molecular materials. …
14:48
31
Intro to: IsoStar - exploring intermolecular interactions
de CCDCCambridge 312 reproducciones
IsoStar is a knowledge-based library of intermolecular interactions distributed as part of the Cambridge Structural Database System…
23:08
32
Intro to: ConQuest and Mercury
de CCDCCambridge 407 reproducciones
ConQuest is the primary program for searching and retrieving information from the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD). ConQuest provides an extensive range of flexible search options enabling you to discover the knowledge …
11:46
33
Intro to: WebCSD
de CCDCCambridge 251 reproducciones
WebCSD provides easy and convenient access to the wealth of structural knowledge contained in the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD).…
6:54
34
Georgina Ferry on X-ray crystallography
de Wellcome Collection 16.133 reproducciones
Georgina Ferry is a freelance science writer, editor and broadcaster. In this video she discusses the fascinating history of X-ray crystallography as well as why it is so important today.…
18:42
35
X-Ray Diffraction
de cmditr 28.708 reproducciones
X-ray diffraction (XRD) is a tool for characterizing arrangement of atoms in crystals and distances between crystal faces. This can be used to identify atoms and the crystalline form.…
1:25
36
International Year of Crystallography
de International Union of Crystallography 6.013 reproducciones
0:13
37
Crystallography: Rhomobohedral lattice. One of the 14 Bravais lattices.
de bhadeshia123 309 reproducciones
Crystallography: Rhomobohedral lattice. One of the 14 Bravais lattices.…
0:21
38
Crystallography: Tetragonal-P lattice. One of the 14 Bravais lattices.
de bhadeshia123 891 reproducciones
Crystallography: primitive tetragonal lattice. One of the 14 Bravais lattices…
0:18
39
Crystallography: Cubic-I lattice. One of the 14 Bravais lattices
de bhadeshia123 747 reproducciones
Crystallography: Cubic-I lattice. One of the 14 Bravais lattices…
0:24
40
Crystallography: Orthorhombic-P lattice. One of the 14 Bravais lattices.
de bhadeshia123 545 reproducciones
Crystallography: Orthorhombic-P lattice. One of the 14 Bravais lattices.…
0:19
41
Crystallography: Tetragonal-I lattice. One of the 14 Bravais lattices.
de bhadeshia123 823 reproducciones
Crystallography: Tetragonal-I (body-centred) lattice. One of the 14 Bravais lattices.…
0:15
42
Crystallography: Hexagonal lattice. One of the 14 Bravais lattices
de bhadeshia123 881 reproducciones
Crystallography: Hexagonal lattice. One of the 14 Bravais lattices…
0:17
43
Crystallography: Monoclinic-P lattice. One of the 14 Bravais lattices
de bhadeshia123 905 reproducciones
Crystallography: Monoclinic-P lattice. One of the 14 Bravais lattice…
0:26
44
Crystallography: Triclinic lattice
de bhadeshia123 899 reproducciones
Crystallography: Triclinic lattice. One of the 14 Bravais lattices.…
0:41
45
Crystallography: Unit cell of cementite (Fe_3C)
de bhadeshia123 624 reproducciones
Unit cell of cementite (Fe_3C). This is an iron carbide extremely common in steels.…
6:59
46
New features & improvements to the Cambridge Structural Database System (CSDS), 2013 release
de CCDCCambridge 154 reproducciones
This video illustrates the new features and improvements in the 2013 release of the Cambridge Structural Database System (CSDS).
4:05
47
Freezing Soap Bubbles, Joplin MO, Jan 6, 2014
de Ace Jackalope 4.992 reproducciones
The segments that make up this video were recorded in Joplin MO, on January 6, 2014 between 8:23 a.m. and 9:24 a.m. The temperature at the beginning was -11 °F; at close it was -8 °F.…
No hay comentarios:
Publicar un comentario