Presentamos el Curso de Fundamentos de Física I (PHYS 200 - Fundamentals of Physics, I, Fall 2006), puesto en Youtube, que tiene la facilidad de poder poner subtítulos en inglés o en español.
Nivel ALTO, se necesita un buen nivel de Inglés, Físicas y Matemáticas.
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Fundamentals of Physics, I with Professor Ramamurti Shankar
Subido por YaleCourses el 22/09/2008
URL: http://www.youtube.com/user/YaleCourses#grid/user/FE3074A4CB751B2B
Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://open.yale.edu/courses
This course was recorded in Fall 2006.
Categoría: Formación
Licencia: Licencia de YouTube estándar
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KOKnWaLiL8w&feature=list_related&playnext=1&list=SPFE3074A4CB751B2BLicencia: Licencia de YouTube estándar
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| 3. Newton's Laws of Motion
YaleCourses 30626 reproducciones 1:08:22 This lecture introduces Newton's Laws of Motion. The First Law on inertia states that every object will remain in a state of rest or uniform motion in a straight line unless acted upon by an external force. The Second Law (F = ma) relates the cause (the force F) to the acceleration. Several different forces are discussed in the context of this law. The lecture ends with the Third Law which states that action and reaction are equal and opposite. 09:29 - Chapter 2. Introduction to Newton's Laws of Motion, 1st Law and Inertial Frames 19:51 - Chapter 3. Second Law and Measurements as conventions 37:13 - Chapter 4. Nature of Forces and Their Relationship to Second Law 50:50 - Chapter 5. Newton's Third Law 01:03:15 - Chapter 6. Weightlessness |
| 4. Newton's Laws (cont.) and Inclined Planes
YaleCourses 21888 reproducciones 1:07:25 The lecture begins with the application of Newton's three laws, with the warning that they are not valid for objects that move at speeds comparable to the speed of light or objects that are incredibly small and of the atomic scale. Friction and static friction are discussed. The dreaded inclined plane is dealt with head on. Finally, Professor Shankar explains the motion of objects using Newton's laws in specific problems related to objects in circular motion, such as roller coasters and a planet orbiting the Sun. 14:50 - Chapter 2. Kinetic and Static Friction 31:34 - Chapter 3. Inclined Planes 49:04 - Chapter 4. Pulleys 57:30 - Chapter 5. Friction and Circular Motion: Roundabouts, Loop-the-Loop |
| 5. Work-Energy Theorem and Law of Conservation of Energy
YaleCourses 30411 reproducciones 1:10:16 The lecture begins with a review of the loop-the-loop problem. Professor Shankar then reviews basic terminology in relation to work, kinetic energy and potential energy. He then goes on to define the Work-Energy Theorem. Finally, the Law of Conservation of Energy is discussed and demonstrated with specific examples. 11:57 - Chapter 2. Work-Energy Theorem and Power 29:19 - Chapter 3. Conservation of Energy: K2 + U2 = K1 + U1 44:39 - Chapter 4. Friction Force Effect on Work-Energy Theorem 56:13 - Chapter 5. Calculus Review: Small Changes |
| 6. Law of Conservation of Energy in Higher Dimensions
YaleCourses 13429 reproducciones 1:11:01 The discussion on the Law of Conservation of Energy continues but is applied in higher dimensions. The notion of a function with two variables is reviewed. Conservative forces are explained and students are taught how to recognize and manufacture them. 18:05 - Chapter 2. Work Done in 2D; Dot Products and Cross Products 36:16 - Chapter 3. Conservative and Non-conservative Forces 52:29 - Chapter 4. Cross Derivative Test for Potential Energy Equations 01:03:55 - Chapter 5. Application to Gravitational Potential Energy |
| 7. Kepler's Laws YaleCourses 17288 reproducciones 1:12:10 The focus of the lecture is problems of gravitational interaction. The three laws of Kepler are stated and explained. Planetary motion is discussed in general, and how this motion applies to the planets moving around the Sun in particular. 09:19 - Chapter 2. Kepler's 3 Laws 20:16 - Chapter 3. Deriving the Nature of Gravitational Force 35:57 - Chapter 4. Derive Orbital Period (T) and Speed (v) in Space 49:47 - Chapter 5. Law of Conservation of Energy Far from Earth Surface 57:37 - Chapter 6. Reference Potential Energy at Infinity or Earth Surface |
| 8. Dynamics of Multiple-Body System and Law of
YaleCourses 10487 reproducciones 1:12:10 The dynamics of a many-body system is examined. Through a variety of examples, the professor demonstrates how to locate the center of mass and how to evaluate it for a number of objects. Finally, the Law of Conservation of Momentum is introduced and discussed. The lecture ends with problems of collision in one dimension focusing on the totally elastic and totally inelastic cases. 05:41 - Chapter 2. The Center of Mass 32:05 - Chapter 3. Law of Conservation of Momentum — Examples and Applications 56:32 - Chapter 4. The Rocket Equation 01:03:19 - Chapter 5. Elastic and Inelastic Collisions |
| 9. Rotations, Part I: Dynamics of Rigid Bodies YaleCourses 22793 reproducciones 1:13:51 Part I of Rotations. The lecture begins with examining rotation of rigid bodies in two dimensions. The concepts of "rotation" and "translation" are explained. The use of radians is introduced. Angular velocity, angular momentum, angular acceleration, torque and inertia are also discussed. Finally, the Parallel Axis Theorem is expounded. 08:15 - Chapter 2. Rotation in Terms of Circle Parameters and Radian 19:57 - Chapter 3. Radial and Tangential Rotation at Constant Acceleration 28:34 - Chapter 4. Moment of Inertia, Angular Momentum, Kinetic Energy 46:47 - Chapter 5. Torque and Work Energy Theorem 01:01:36 - Chapter 6. Calculate Moment of Inertia: Examples for Rod, Disk, etc. |
| 10. Rotations, Part II: Parallel Axis Theorem
YaleCourses 15639 reproducciones 1:15:27 Part II of Rotations. The lecture begins with an explanation of the Parallel Axis Theorem and how it is applied in problems concerning rotation of rigid bodies. The moment of inertia of a disk is discussed as a demonstration of the theorem. Angular momentum and angular velocity are examined in a variety of problems. 16:27 - Chapter 2. For System of Masses: Derive KEtotal = ½ MV2 + ½ ICM2 27:55 - Chapter 3. Derive KEtotal in Terms of Equivalent Rotation about Stationary Point 38:40 - Chapter 4. Effect of Rotational Kinetic Energy on Translational Motion for No Skid 43:41 - Chapter 5. Example Problem: Torque on a Disk 49:30 - Chapter 6. Advanced Example Problem: Pulley Rotating and Translating 01:02:14 - Chapter 7. Example Problem: Systems with Angular Moment Conserved 01:09:09 - Chapter 8. Application: Angular Momentum Changes for Spinning Ballerina |
| 11. Torque
YaleCourses 16014 reproducciones 1:13:14 This lecture is a continuation of an analogue to Newton's law: τ= lα. While previous problems examined situations in which τ is not zero, this time the focus is on extreme cases in which there is no torque at all. If there is no torque, α is zero and the angular velocity is constant. The lecture starts with a simple example of a seesaw and moves on to discuss a collection of objects that are somehow subject to a variety of forces but remain in static equilibrium. 03:47 - Chapter 2. The Seesaw Example 12:02 - Chapter 3. The Case of a Rod Supported by Pivot on a Wall 21:04 - Chapter 4. The Case of a Rod Supported by a Wire 29:08 - Chapter 5. The Case of the Leaning Ladder 40:05 - Chapter 6. Rigid Body Dynamics in 3D 01:04:46 - Chapter 7. The Case of a Gyroscope |
| 12. Introduction to Relativity
YaleCourses 46494 reproducciones 1:11:22 This is the first of a series of lectures on relativity. The lecture begins with a historical overview and goes into problems that aim to describe a single event as seen by two independent observers. Maxwell's theory, as well as the Galilean and Lorentz transformations are also discussed. 18:10 - Chapter 2. The Galilean Transformation and its Consequences 31:35 - Chapter 3. The Medium of Light 43:22 - Chapter 4. The Two Postulates of Relativity 46:48 - Chapter 5. Length Contraction and Time Dilation 55:34 - Chapter 6. Deriving the Lorentz Transformation |
| 13. Lorentz Transformation
YaleCourses
36223 reproducciones
1:08:27 This lecture offers detailed analysis of the Lorentz transformations which relate the coordinates of an event in two frames in relative motion. It is shown how length, time and simultaneity are relative. 00:00 - Chapter 1. Describing an Event with Two Observers 33:58 - Chapter 2. The Relativity of Simultaneity 41:57 - Chapter 3. Time Dilation 53:41 - Chapter 4. The Twin Paradox 01:00:02 - Chapter 5. Length Contraction |
| 14. Introduction to the Four-Vector
YaleCourses
12494 reproducciones
1:12:35 The four-vector is introduced that unifies space-time coordinates x, y, z and t into a single entity whose components get mixed up under Lorentz transformations. The length of this four-vector, called the space-time interval, is shown to be invariant (the same for all observers). Likewise energy and momentum are unified into the energy-momentum four-vector. 00:00 - Chapter 1. Recap—Consequences of the Lorentz Transformations 06:25 - Chapter 2. Causality Paradoxes: "Killing the Grandmother" 15:22 - Chapter 3. A New Understanding of Space-Time 25:51 - Chapter 4. Introducing the Fourth Dimension and Four-Vector Algebra 44:09 - Chapter 5. The Space-Time Interval, or "Proper Time" 51:47 - Chapter 6. Deriving the Velocity and Momentum Vectors in Space-Time 01:04:40 - Chapter 7. The New Energy-Mass Relation |
| 15. Four-Vector in Relativity
YaleCourses
10135 reproducciones
1:11:44 The discussion of four-vector in relativity continues but this time the focus is on the energy-momentum of a particle. The invariance of the energy-momentum four-vector is due to the fact that rest mass of a particle is invariant under coordinate transformations. 00:00 - Chapter 1. Recap: The Four-Vectors of Position, Velocity and Momentum in Space-Time 15:53 - Chapter 2. The Energy-Momentum Four-Vector 32:20 - Chapter 3. Relativistic Collisions 41:09 - Chapter 4. Law of Conservation of Energy and Momentum Using the Energy-Momentum Four-Vector |
| 16. The Taylor Series and Other Mathematical Concepts
YaleCourses
31756 reproducciones
1:13:39 The lecture covers a number of mathematical concepts. The Taylor series is introduced and its properties discussed, supplemented by various examples. Complex numbers are explained in some detail, especially in their polar form. The lecture ends with a discussion of simple harmonic motion. 00:00 - Chapter 1. Derive Taylor Series of a Function, f as [Σ (0, ∞)fnxn/n!] 14:21 - Chapter 2. Examples of Functions with Invalid Taylor Series 17:30 - Chapter 3. Taylor Series for Popular Functions(cos x, ex,etc) 23:31 - Chapter 4. Derive Trigonometric Functions from Exponential Functions 31:41 - Chapter 5. Properties of Complex Numbers 42:40 - Chapter 6. Polar Form of Complex Numbers 50:04 - Chapter 7. Simple Harmonic Motions 01:03:07 - Chapter 8. Law of Conservation of Energy and Harmonic Motion Due to Torque |
| 17. Simple Harmonic Motion
YaleCourses
29660 reproducciones
1:14:00 The focus of the lecture is simple harmonic motion. Professor Shankar gives several examples of physical systems, such as a mass M attached to a spring, and explains what happens when such systems are disturbed. Amplitude, frequency and period of simple harmonic motion are also defined in the course of the lecture. Several problems are solved in order to demonstrate various cases of oscillation. 00:00 - Chapter 1. Example Equations of Oscillating Objects 10:49 - Chapter 2. Superposition of Solutions to Linear (Harmonic) Equations 30:16 - Chapter 3. Conditions for Solutions to Harmonic Equations 38:57 - Chapter 4. Exponential Functions as Generic Solutions 50:48 - Chapter 5. Undamped, Under-damped and Over-damped Oscillations 01:00:28 - Chapter 6. Driving Harmonic Force on Oscillator |
| 18. Simple Harmonic Motion (cont.) and Introduction to Waves
YaleCourses
11119 reproducciones
1:15:04 This lecture continues the topic of harmonic motions. Problems are introduced and solved to explore various aspects of oscillation. The second half of the lecture is an introduction to the nature and behavior of waves. Both longitudinal and transverse waves are defined and explained. 00:00 - Chapter 1. Free Vibration: Oscillation Under F=0 08:20 - Chapter 2. Initial Conditions at Start of Oscillation 18:52 - Chapter 3. Solution to Harmonic Equation under Driving Force 30:01 - Chapter 4. Properties of the Oscillating Function, Resonance 39:23 - Chapter 5. Complete Solution = Complimentary + Particular Solutions 43:40 - Chapter 6. Introduction to Longitudinal and Transverse Waves 52:55 - Chapter 7. Derive Wave Equation as Differential Equation 01:04:40 - Chapter 8. Solution to Wave Equation |
| 19. Waves
YaleCourses 13011 reproducciones 1:11:54 Waves are discussed in further detail. Basic properties of the waves such as velocity, energy, intensity, and frequency are discussed through a variety of examples. The second half of the lecture deals specifically with superposition of waves. Constructive and destructive interferences are defined and discussed. 00:00 - Chapter 1. General Solution of Wave Equation 08:51 - Chapter 2. Spatial and Temporal Periodicity: Frequency, Period 17:39 - Chapter 3. Wave Energy and Power Transmitted 30:02 - Chapter 4. Doppler Effect 38:58 - Chapter 5. Superposition of Waves 48:57 - Chapter 6. Constructive and Destructive Interference, Double Slit Experiment 01:01:30 - Chapter 7. Modes of Vibration: Application to Musical Instruments |
| 20. Fluid Dynamics and Statics and Bernoulli's Equation
YaleCourses
140208 reproducciones
1:12:32 The focus of the lecture is on fluid dynamics and statics. Different properties are discussed, such as density and pressure. Archimedes' Principle is introduced and demonstrated through a number of problems. The final topic of the lecture is Bernoulli's Equation. 00:00 - Chapter 1. Introduction to Fluid Dynamics and Statics — The Notion of Pressure 04:14 - Chapter 2. Fluid Pressure as a Function of Height 20:49 - Chapter 3. The Hydraulic Press 26:32 - Chapter 4. Archimedes' Principle 36:36 - Chapter 5. Bernoulli's Equation 39:12 - Chapter 6. The Equation of Continuity 53:41 - Chapter 7. Applications of Bernoulli's Equation |
| 21. Thermodynamics
YaleCourses
66579 reproducciones
1:11:28 This is the first of a series of lectures on thermodynamics. The discussion begins with understanding "temperature." Zeroth's law is introduced and explained. Concepts such as "absolute zero" and "triple point of water" are defined. Measuring temperature through a number of instruments is addressed as well as the different scales of measurement. The second half of the lecture is devoted to heat and heat transfer. Concepts such as "convection" and "conduction" are explained thoroughly. 00:00 - Chapter 1. Temperature as a Macroscopic Thermodynamic Property 06:45 - Chapter 2. Calibrating Temperature Instruments 22:25 - Chapter 3. Absolute Zero, Triple Point of Water, The Kelvin 28:55 - Chapter 4. Specific Heat and Other Thermal Properties of Materials 43:17 - Chapter 5. Phase Change 55:06 - Chapter 6. Heat Transfer by Radiation, Convection and Conduction 01:03:27 - Chapter 7. Heat as Atomic Kinetic Energy and its Measurement |
| 22. The Boltzmann Constant and First Law of Thermodynamics
YaleCourses
30052 reproducciones
1:14:41 This lecture continues the topic of thermodynamics, exploring in greater detail what heat is, and how it is generated and measured. The Boltzmann Constant is introduced. The microscopic meaning of temperature is explained. The First Law of Thermodynamics is presented. 00:00 - Chapter 1. Recap of Heat Theory 11:54 - Chapter 2. The Boltzman Constant and Avogadro's Number 18:50 - Chapter 3. A Microscopic Definition of Temperature 30:15 - Chapter 4. Molecular Mechanics of Phase Change and the Maxwell-Boltzmann 46:49 - Chapter 5. Quasi-static Processes 50:19 - Chapter 6. Internal Energy and the First Law of Thermodynamics |
| 23. The Second Law of Thermodynamics and Carnot's Engine
YaleCourses
67110 reproducciones
1:11:10 Why does a dropped egg that spatters on the floor not rise back to your hands even though no laws prohibit it? The answer to such irreversibility resides the Second Law of Thermodynamics which explained in this and the next lecture. The Carnot heat engine is discussed in detail to show how there is an upper limit to the efficiency of heat engines and how the concept of entropy arises from macroscopic considerations. 00:00 - Chapter 1. Recap of First Law of Thermodynamics and Macroscopic State Properties 13:22 - Chapter 2. Defining Specific Heats at Constant Pressure and Volume 26:01 - Chapter 3. Adiabatic Processes 43:57 - Chapter 4. The Second Law of Thermodynamics and the Concept of Entropy 59:02 - Chapter 5. The Carnot Engine |
| 24. The Second Law of Thermodynamics (cont.) and Entropy
The focus of the lecture is the concept of entropy. Specific examples are given to calculate the entropy change for a number of different processes. Boltzmann's microscopic formula for entropy is introduced and used to explain irreversibility. 00:00 - Chapter 1. Review of the Carnot Engine 19:18 - Chapter 2. Calculating the Entropy Change 35:34 - Chapter 3. The Second Law of Thermodynamics as a Function of Entropy 43:46 - Chapter 4. The Microscopic Basis of Entropy |
This course provides a thorough introduction to the principles
and methods of physics for students who have good preparation in
physics and mathematics. Emphasis is placed on problem solving and
quantitative reasoning. This course covers Newtonian mechanics, special
relativity, gravitation, thermodynamics, and waves.
Professor:
Ramamurti Shankar, John Randolph Huffman Professor of Physics, Yale University
Description:
This course provides a thorough introduction to the principles and methods of physics for students who have good preparation in physics and mathematics. Emphasis is placed on problem solving and quantitative reasoning. This course covers Newtonian mechanics, special relativity, gravitation, thermodynamics, and waves.
Texts:
Wolfson, Richard and Jay Pasachoff. 1998. Physics with Modern Physics for Scientists and Engineers, 3d ed. Reading, MA: Addison Wesley Publishing Company.
Recommended: Shankar, Ramamurti. 2003. Basic Training in Mathematics: A Fitness Program for Science Students. New York: Springer Publishing Company.
Requirements:
Homework will be given every Wednesday and is due the following Wednesday before class. Solutions will be posted on Wednesdays, so problem sets must be turned in on time. There will be one in-class midterm halfway through the semester.
Grading:
Homework: 20%
Midterm examination: 30%
Final examination: 50%
Letter grades will be assigned by taking the highest score of either the total final average or the final exam.
Click session titles below to access audio, video, and course materials.
The file below contains all of the course pages from this course and may be downloaded for offline use. The file is offered in .zip format; you must have access to a suitable decompression application to unzip the contents before use. After decompressing the file, please click "start.html" to launch.
[ download all course pages ] - size 13.1 MB - file type application/zip
Course Media:
Audio and video files for this course may be downloaded in two ways: iTunes U or the links below for individual files.
To download all tracks from iTunes U, click the "Get Tracks" button on any course page in the iTunes U interface. If the download is interrupted, click "Resume" to continue the download process. You must have Apple's iTunes software installed on your computer to download from iTunes U.
| i tunes |
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Physics with Modern Physics for Scientists and Engineers, 3rd Ed.
Richard Wolfson and Jay Pasachoff
Addison Wesley Publishing Company
- Basic Training in Mathematics: A Fitness Program for Science Students
- Ramamurti Shankar
- Springer Publishing Company
Principles of Quantum Mechanics
Ramamurti Shankar
Springer
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